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Journal of Anatomy Aug 2003Fatigue-induced microdamage in bone contributes to stress and fragility fractures and acts as a stimulus for bone remodelling. Detecting such microdamage is difficult as... (Review)
Review
Fatigue-induced microdamage in bone contributes to stress and fragility fractures and acts as a stimulus for bone remodelling. Detecting such microdamage is difficult as pre-existing microdamage sustained in vivo must be differentiated from artefactual damage incurred during specimen preparation. This was addressed by bulk staining specimens in alcohol-soluble basic fuchsin dye, but cutting and grinding them in an aqueous medium. Nonetheless, some artefactual cracks are partially stained and careful observation under transmitted light, or epifluorescence microscopy, is required. Fuchsin lodges in cracks, but is not site-specific. Cracks are discontinuities in the calcium-rich bone matrix and chelating agents, which bind calcium, can selectively label them. Oxytetracycline, alizarin complexone, calcein, calcein blue and xylenol orange all selectively bind microcracks and, as they fluoresce at different wavelengths and colours, can be used in sequence to label microcrack growth. New agents that only fluoresce when involved in a chelate are currently being developed--fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) sensors. Such agents enable microdamage to be quantified and crack growth to be measured and are useful histological tools in providing data for modelling the material behaviour of bone. However, a non-invasive method is needed to measure microdamage in patients. Micro-CT is being studied and initial work with iodine dyes linked to a chelating group has shown some promise. In the long term, it is hoped that repeated measurements can be made at critical sites and microdamage accumulation monitored. Quantification of microdamage, together with bone mass measurements, will help in predicting and preventing bone fracture failure in patients with osteoporosis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bone and Bones; Chelating Agents; Contrast Media; Fluorescent Dyes; Fractures, Stress; Humans; Microscopy, Confocal; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Osteoporosis; Rosaniline Dyes; Tetracyclines; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 12924817
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00211.x -
Scientific Reports Apr 2023Most dye stuffs and coloring materials are mainly categorized as hazardous pollutants in water effluents due to their nature as non-biodegradable, highly toxic and...
Most dye stuffs and coloring materials are mainly categorized as hazardous pollutants in water effluents due to their nature as non-biodegradable, highly toxic and extremely carcinogenic. For this reason, rapid and efficient eradication of waste dyes from wastewaters before discharging into water streams must be accomplished by an acceptable approach as adsorption technique. Therefore, the present study is aimed and devoted to synthesize a novel nanobiosorbent from three different constituents, gelatin (Gel) as a sustainable natural product, graphene oxide (GO) as an example of highly stable carbonaceous material and zirconium silicate (ZrSiO) as an example of combined metal oxides for the formation of Gel@GO-F-ZrSiO@Gel by using formaldehyde (F) as a cross-linkage reagent. Several characterization techniques as FT-IR were employed to identify the incorporated surface reactive Functionalities in Gel@GO-F-ZrSiO@Gel as -OH, =NH, -NH, -COOH and C=O, etc. The morphology for particle shape and size of Gel@GO-F-ZrSiO@Gel were confirmed from the SEM and TEM analyses providing 15.75- 32.79 nm. The surface area was determined by the BET and found to correspond to 219.46 m g. Biosorptive removal of basic fuchsin (BF) pollutant as an example of a widely applicable dye in various activities was monitored and optimized under the influence of pH (2-10), reaction time (1-30 min), initial BF pollutant concentration (5-100 mg L), nanobiosorbent dosage (5-60 mg), temperature (30-60 °C) and interfering ions. The maximum biosorptive removal values of BF dye were established as 96.0 and 95.2% using 5 and 10 mg L, respectively at the recommended pH 7 condition. The Thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that the BF dye adsorption onto Gel@GO-F-ZrSiO@Gel was taken place via spontaneous and endothermic reaction. Chemisorption is the predominant adsorption mechanism by forming multilayers upon nonhomogeneous surface in accordance with Freundlich model hypothesis. The applicability of the optimized Gel@GO-F-ZrSiO@Gel in biosorptive removal of BF pollutant from real water sample was successfully accomplished by the batch technique. Thus, this study clearly shows that Gel@GO-F-ZrSiO@Gel exhibited significant influences on remediation of industrial effluents containing BF pollutant with superior efficiency.
PubMed: 37005421
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31584-x -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022Reconstructing the development of sporangia in seed-free vascular plants provides crucial information about key processes enabling the production of spores that are...
Reconstructing the development of sporangia in seed-free vascular plants provides crucial information about key processes enabling the production of spores that are important in the life cycle of these plants. By applying fluorescence imaging in intact tissues using dyes and confocal microscopy, this study aimed to reconstruct the key steps during the development of sporangia. Special emphasis was taken on the cell wall structures of tapetum and spore mother cells that have been challenged by microscopical documentation in the past. After staining the cell wall and cytoplasm using calcofluor white and basic fuchsin, the sporangium development of was observed using confocal microscopy. The clear cell lineages from the sporangial initial cell to stalk, epidermis, inner tapetum, outer tapetum, and sporogenous cells were revealed by confocal imaging. The sporangium development improved in this work will be useful for a general understanding of fern spore formation.
PubMed: 35574127
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878693 -
RSC Advances Dec 2018In this study, a novel triptycene-based porous polymer grafted with sulfonic acid (TPP-SOH) was successfully synthesized by the post-synthetic modification of the...
In this study, a novel triptycene-based porous polymer grafted with sulfonic acid (TPP-SOH) was successfully synthesized by the post-synthetic modification of the non-functionalized polymer TPP. The polymer TPP-SOH was well-characterized and was found to be a fast and effective absorbent for the cationic dyes methylene blue (MEB), basic fuchsin (BF), and malachite green (MG), with over 95% removal being observed within 10 min from initial concentrations of 100 mg L, 100 mg L, and 300 mg L, respectively. The adsorption process for MEB, BF, and MG was pH-dependent. The adsorption behaviours for MEB, BF, and MG follow pseudo-second-order kinetics and fit the Langmuir model. Moreover, the maximum adsorption capacities of MEB, BF, and MG at room temperature were 981.8 mg g, 586.2 mg g, and 1942.5 mg g, respectively. It is worth noting that the values of the MEB, BF, and MG adsorption capacities on TPP-SOH were 5.5, 3, and 1.8 times that of the non-functionalized polymer TPP based on the same adsorbent weight. It is suggested that (i) there are strong electrostatic attractions between the sulfonic groups of the TPP-SOH and cationic dyes and (ii) the higher surface area and good porosity may contribute to the high dye adsorption capacity. Furthermore, TPP-SOH exhibited good cyclic stability, which can be regenerated at least five times without a significant loss of adsorption capacity. Therefore, the facile strategy synthesis, as well as the excellent adsorption capacity and reusability, make polymer TPP-SOH an attractive adsorbent for wastewater treatment.
PubMed: 35558790
DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09012b -
Journal of Oral Biology and... 2022The aim of this study was to compare the microleakage of three types of light cure orthodontic band cement (Resilience, Band-it and Transbond Plus) and to compare low...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to compare the microleakage of three types of light cure orthodontic band cement (Resilience, Band-it and Transbond Plus) and to compare low and high curing light intensities at the enamel-cement and band-cement interfaces in the gingival and occlusal margins.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty extracted human premolars were divided into six groups (n = 10 specimens) according to the type of cement used and intensity of light cure. Microetched bands of upper premolars cemented to the teeth by Transbond Plus (3 M Unitek), Resilience (Orthotechnology) and Band-it (db Orthodontics). Three groups were cured by a standard mode light cure (over 900 mw/cm) for 20 s, and the other three groups were cured with an extra mode light cure (over 2700 mw/cm) for 6 s. The teeth were sealed by nail varnish and immersed for 24 h in 0.5% basic fuchsin solution. After that, the teeth were sectioned in the buccoligual direction, observed under a stereomicroscope, and then recorded for microleakage at the enamel-cement and band-cement interfaces in the gingival and occlusal margins. The statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05.
RESULT
The microleakage scores showed no significant differences at the enamel-cement and band-cement interfaces among the three types of orthodontic band cement subjected to low- and high-intensity curing light.
CONCLUSIONS
The type of cement and intensity of light cure did not affect the amount of microleakage at either interface.
PubMed: 35514676
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.04.004 -
Annals of Parasitology 2018The present study describes the gross, histopathologic lesions of the heart arising in pigs infected with acute African Swine Fever (ASF) and their biochemical profile....
The present study describes the gross, histopathologic lesions of the heart arising in pigs infected with acute African Swine Fever (ASF) and their biochemical profile. Ten pigs were infected by intramuscular injection of ASF virus (Georgia 2007). Selected heart samples were submitted for histopathological examination and Hematoxylin-Basic Fuchsin-Picric Acid (HBFP) staining. Enzymatic abnormalities were evaluated by measurement of main cardiac markers, whose activity increased during the early stage of infection, with histopathological changes occurring later. Minor myocardial haemorrhages were first observed at four days post infection (dpi), and were noted in all pigs by six dpi. Early vascular response to infection was manifested as increased capillary permeability leading to diapedesis and the retention of blood cells in myocardial tissue. The terminal stage of the disease was characterised by massive haemorrhages caused by the rupture of large vessels. Substantial ischemic areas were detected by HBFP staining at the terminal stages of ASF.
Topics: African Swine Fever; African Swine Fever Virus; Animals; Hemorrhage; Myocardium; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 30316223
DOI: 10.17420/ap6403.161 -
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Jul 2021MgTiO (magnesium dititanate) nanoparticles were prepared by a simple hydrothermal assisted post-annealing method and characterized with various analytical techniques....
MgTiO (magnesium dititanate) nanoparticles were prepared by a simple hydrothermal assisted post-annealing method and characterized with various analytical techniques. The catalytic properties (sonocatalytic, photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic activity) were evaluated using the degradation of triphenylmethane dyes (crystal violet, basic fuchsin, and acid fuchsin). The sonophotocatalytic activity of MgTiO nanoparticles towards crystal violet was found to be ~2.9 times higher than the photocatalytic activity and ~20 times higher than that of the sonocatalytic processes. In addition, the sonophotocatalytic efficiency of MgTiO nanoparticles was found to be remarkable for the degradation of basic fuchsin (cationic dye) and acid fuchsin (anionic dye). The mechanism of these catalytic activities has been discussed in detail.
PubMed: 34087757
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105585 -
Journal of Experimental Botany Jul 2015Lignin is a complex polyphenolic heteropolymer that is abundant in the secondary cell walls of plants and functions in growth and defence. It is also a major barrier to...
Lignin is a complex polyphenolic heteropolymer that is abundant in the secondary cell walls of plants and functions in growth and defence. It is also a major barrier to the deconstruction of plant biomass for bioenergy production, but the spatiotemporal details of how lignin is deposited in actively lignifying tissues and the precise relationships between wall lignification in different cell types and developmental events, such as flowering, are incompletely understood. Here, the lignin-detecting fluorogenic dye, Basic Fuchsin, was adapted to enable comparative fluorescence-based imaging of lignin in the basal internodes of three Brachypodium distachyon ecotypes that display divergent flowering times. It was found that the extent and intensity of Basic Fuchsin fluorescence increase over time in the Bd21-3 ecotype, that Basic Fuchsin staining is more widespread and intense in 4-week-old Bd21-3 and Adi-10 basal internodes than in Bd1-1 internodes, and that Basic Fuchsin staining reveals subcellular patterns of lignin in vascular and interfascicular fibre cell walls. Basic Fuchsin fluorescence did not correlate with lignin quantification by acetyl bromide analysis, indicating that whole-plant and subcellular lignin analyses provide distinct information about the extent and patterns of lignification in B. distachyon. Finally, it was found that flowering time correlated with a transient increase in total lignin, but did not correlate strongly with the patterning of stem lignification, suggesting that additional developmental pathways might regulate secondary wall formation in grasses. This study provides a new comparative tool for imaging lignin in plants and helps inform our views of how lignification proceeds in grasses.
Topics: Brachypodium; Fluorescent Dyes; Lignin; Subcellular Fractions
PubMed: 25922482
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv158 -
Development (Cambridge, England) Dec 2021Hydrophobic cell wall depositions in roots play a key role in plant development and interaction with the soil environment, as they generate barriers that regulate...
Hydrophobic cell wall depositions in roots play a key role in plant development and interaction with the soil environment, as they generate barriers that regulate bidirectional nutrient flux. Techniques to label the respective polymers are emerging, but are efficient only in thin roots or sections. Moreover, simultaneous imaging of the barrier constituents lignin and suberin remains problematic owing to their similar chemical compositions. Here, we describe a staining method compatible with single- and multiphoton confocal microscopy that allows for concurrent visualization of primary cell walls and distinct secondary depositions in one workflow. This protocol permits efficient separation of suberin- and lignin-specific signals with high resolution, enabling precise dissection of barrier constituents. Our approach is compatible with imaging of fluorescent proteins, and can thus complement genetic markers or aid the dissection of barriers in biotic root interactions. We further demonstrate applicability in deep root tissues of plant models and crops across phylogenetic lineages. Our optimized toolset will significantly advance our understanding of root barrier dynamics and function, and of their role in plant interactions with the rhizospheric environment.
Topics: Cell Wall; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; Rhizosphere; Species Specificity
PubMed: 34878124
DOI: 10.1242/dev.199820